/**
 * ijrgas-custom.css
 *
 * Master Bespoke Theme Stylesheet for International Journal for Research in Global and Area Studies (IJRGAS)
 * Domain: ijrgas.com | Publisher: IJRDO Publication Services
 *
 * OFFICIAL GLOBAL & AREA STUDIES COLOR PALETTE:
 * 1. Primary Navy Blue: #0B3C5D (Dominant Ocean Navy from cover title "IJR", "AS" & world map)
 * 2. Deep Obsidian Navy: #072236 (Deepest foundation for top utility bar & footer)
 * 3. Vibrant Leaf Green: #7CB518 (Ecological & Growth Green from "G" & "GLOBAL AND AREA STUDIES")
 * 4. Continental Slate Blue: #1E6091 (Secondary map tone & accents)
 * 5. Geo Location Pin Red: #E63946 (Red accent pin for alerts, live dots & highlights)
 * 6. Slate Charcoal Text: #0F172A (Body typography & high-contrast titles)
 * 7. Soft Canvas Surface: #F8FAFC (Clean academic background & cards)
 * 8. Pure Crisp White: #FFFFFF (Pill containers & card surfaces)
 */

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Plus+Jakarta+Sans:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;0,900;1,700&family=Montserrat:ital,wght@0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,700&family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap');

/* =========================================================
   1. CSS VARIABLES & SYSTEM TOKENS
   ========================================================= */
:root {
  /* Navy Blue System */
  --ijrgas-navy: #0B3C5D;
  --ijrgas-navy-dark: #072236;
  --ijrgas-navy-deep: #051624;
  --ijrgas-navy-light: #124E78;
  --ijrgas-navy-surface: #185A8A;
  --ijrgas-navy-glow: rgba(11, 60, 93, 0.25);

  /* Leaf Green System (Signature Accent) */
  --ijrgas-green: #7CB518;
  --ijrgas-green-hover: #6AA013;
  --ijrgas-green-light: #94D82D;
  --ijrgas-green-glow: rgba(124, 181, 24, 0.45);
  --ijrgas-green-soft: rgba(124, 181, 24, 0.12);

  /* Continental Blue & Slate System */
  --ijrgas-continental: #1E6091;
  --ijrgas-continental-light: #EBF3F8;
  --ijrgas-continental-mid: #A0C4E2;

  /* Geo Pin Red (Alerts / Pins / Badges) */
  --ijrgas-red: #E63946;
  --ijrgas-red-glow: rgba(230, 57, 70, 0.45);

  /* Charcoal Typography System */
  --ijrgas-charcoal: #0F172A;
  --ijrgas-charcoal-muted: #334155;
  --ijrgas-charcoal-light: #64748B;
  --ijrgas-charcoal-soft: #94A3B8;

  /* Background & Surface System */
  --ijrgas-bg: #F8FAFC;
  --ijrgas-bg-pure: #FFFFFF;
  --ijrgas-border-soft: #E2E8F0;
  --ijrgas-border-strong: #CBD5E1;

  /* Typography */
  --ijrgas-font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
  --ijrgas-font-subheading: 'Montserrat', 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
  --ijrgas-font-body: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;

  /* Dimensions & Radii */
  --ijrgas-radius-pill: 9999px;
  --ijrgas-radius-card: 16px;
  --ijrgas-radius-hero: 24px;
  --ijrgas-radius-btn: 10px;

  /* Transitions */
  --ijrgas-trans-fast: 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  --ijrgas-trans-smooth: 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

/* =========================================================
   2. GLOBAL RESETS & FOUNDATION
   ========================================================= */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  font-size: 16px;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
}

body.ijrgas_theme,
body {
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-body) !important;
  color: var(--ijrgas-charcoal) !important;
  background-color: var(--ijrgas-bg) !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  line-height: 1.65 !important;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale !important;
}

a {
  color: var(--ijrgas-navy);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

a:hover,
a:focus {
  color: var(--ijrgas-green-hover);
  text-decoration: none;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-heading);
  color: var(--ijrgas-charcoal);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.25;
  margin-top: 0;
}

/* Master Outer Container: Modern Widescreen */
.pkp_structure_page {
  max-width: 1520px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 16px 40px 16px;
  width: 100%;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .pkp_structure_page {
    padding: 0 10px 24px 10px;
  }
}

/* =========================================================
   3. MOBILE NAVIGATION DRAWER & BACKDROP
   ========================================================= */
.ijrgas_mobile_drawer_backdrop {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100vw;
  height: 100vh;
  background: rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.72);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  z-index: 99998;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease, visibility 0.3s ease;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.ijrgas_mobile_drawer_backdrop.active {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  pointer-events: auto;
}

.ijrgas_mobile_drawer {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  right: -340px;
  width: 320px;
  max-width: 85vw;
  height: 100vh;
  background: #FFFFFF;
  box-shadow: -8px 0 32px rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.25);
  z-index: 99999;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  transition: transform 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), right 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  overflow-y: auto;
  padding: 24px;
}

.ijrgas_mobile_drawer.active {
  right: 0px;
  transform: translateX(0);
}

.ijrgas_drawer_header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding-bottom: 18px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ijrgas-border-soft);
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.ijrgas_drawer_title {
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-heading);
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--ijrgas-navy);
}

.ijrgas_drawer_close_btn {
  background: var(--ijrgas-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--ijrgas-border-soft);
  color: var(--ijrgas-charcoal);
  font-size: 24px;
  line-height: 1;
  width: 38px;
  height: 38px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

.ijrgas_drawer_close_btn:hover {
  background: var(--ijrgas-navy);
  color: #FFFFFF;
}

.ijrgas_mobile_nav_list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 8px;
}

.ijrgas_mobile_nav_list li a {
  display: block;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 15px;
  color: var(--ijrgas-charcoal);
  transition: all var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

.ijrgas_mobile_nav_list li a:hover,
.ijrgas_mobile_nav_list li.active > a {
  background: var(--ijrgas-green-soft);
  color: var(--ijrgas-green-hover);
}

.ijrgas_mobile_nav_list .dropdown-menu {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 4px 0 4px 16px;
  margin: 4px 0 8px 0;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--ijrgas-border-soft);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 4px;
}

.ijrgas_mobile_nav_list .dropdown-menu li a {
  font-size: 13.5px;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--ijrgas-charcoal-muted);
}

/* =========================================================
   4. MASTER HEADER BANNER & DEDICATED HERO SECTION
   ========================================================= */
.ijrgas_master_header {
  position: relative;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #072236 0%, #0B3C5D 100%) !important;
  border-bottom-left-radius: 20px !important;
  border-bottom-right-radius: 20px !important;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px -8px rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.3) !important;
  overflow: visible !important;
}

/* Dedicated Hero Section: Increased Height & Spacious Editorial Proportions */
.ijrgas_hero_section {
  position: relative !important;
  min-height: 560px !important;
  display: flex !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.94) 0%, rgba(11, 60, 93, 0.85) 42%, rgba(11, 60, 93, 0.28) 64%, rgba(5, 22, 36, 0.05) 100%), linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(5, 22, 36, 0.50) 0%, rgba(5, 22, 36, 0) 24%), url('../../../../../templates/images/ijrgas-hero.png') !important;
  background-size: cover !important;
  background-position: center right !important;
  background-repeat: no-repeat !important;
  border-radius: 20px !important;
  margin-top: 18px !important;
  margin-bottom: 36px !important;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 48px -10px rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.3) !important;
  overflow: hidden !important;
}

@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .ijrgas_hero_section {
    min-height: 440px !important;
    background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.95) 0%, rgba(11, 60, 93, 0.88) 100%), url('../../../../../templates/images/ijrgas-hero.png') !important;
    margin-top: 14px !important;
    margin-bottom: 24px !important;
    border-radius: 16px !important;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .ijrgas_hero_section {
    min-height: 380px !important;
  }
}

/* Ambient glow accent behind hero */
.ijrgas_hero_ambient_glow {
  position: absolute;
  top: -100px;
  right: -100px;
  width: 500px;
  height: 500px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(124, 181, 24, 0.22) 0%, rgba(11, 60, 93, 0) 70%);
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
}

/* =========================================================
   5. TOP UTILITY BAR (INSIDE HERO SECTION)
   ========================================================= */
.ijrgas_ref_topbar {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 10;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  padding: 10px 0;
  backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
}

.ijrgas_ref_topbar_container {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 0 clamp(16px, 2.5vw, 36px);
  gap: 16px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.ijrgas_ref_contact_items {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(12px, 1.8vw, 24px);
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.ijrgas_ref_contact_link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: color var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

.ijrgas_ref_contact_link:hover {
  color: var(--ijrgas-green-light);
}

.ijrgas_ref_contact_link svg {
  color: var(--ijrgas-green-light);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.ijrgas_topbar_issn_chip {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  border-radius: var(--ijrgas-radius-pill);
  padding: 3px 12px;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.3px;
}

.ijrgas_topbar_issn_chip strong {
  color: var(--ijrgas-green-light);
}

.ijrgas_ref_top_auth {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
}

.ijrgas_pill_btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  padding: 5px 14px;
  border-radius: var(--ijrgas-radius-pill);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

.ijrgas_pill_btn_soft {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
  color: #FFFFFF;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22);
}

.ijrgas_pill_btn_soft:hover {
  background: #FFFFFF;
  color: var(--ijrgas-navy);
  border-color: #FFFFFF;
}

/* =========================================================
   6. FLOATING WHITE PILL NAVBAR (INSIDE HERO SECTION)
   ========================================================= */
.ijrgas_floating_nav_wrapper {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 20;
  padding: 16px clamp(16px, 2.5vw, 36px) 12px clamp(16px, 2.5vw, 36px);
}

.ijrgas_floating_nav_pill {
  background: #FFFFFF;
  border-radius: var(--ijrgas-radius-pill);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 32px -8px rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.25);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 8px 14px 8px 20px;
  position: relative;
  transition: box-shadow var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

.ijrgas_floating_nav_pill:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 14px 40px -6px rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.32);
}

/* Brand Unit */
.ijrgas_nav_brand_unit {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.ijrgas_nav_brand_link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.ijrgas_nav_logo_img {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  object-fit: contain;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #FFFFFF;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(11, 60, 93, 0.12);
  padding: 2px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.ijrgas_nav_journal_title {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.ijrgas_nav_title_kicker {
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-subheading);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--ijrgas-green-hover);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.8px;
}

.ijrgas_nav_title_primary {
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-heading);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--ijrgas-navy);
  letter-spacing: -0.2px;
}

/* Desktop Navigation Links */
.ijrgas_nav_links_desktop {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-grow: 1;
  justify-content: center;
}

.ijrgas_ref_nav_list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(4px, 0.8vw, 14px);
  flex-wrap: nowrap !important;
}

.ijrgas_ref_nav_list > li {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.ijrgas_ref_nav_list > li > a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  padding: 8px clamp(8px, 0.9vw, 14px);
  border-radius: var(--ijrgas-radius-pill);
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-heading);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ijrgas-charcoal);
  white-space: nowrap !important;
  transition: all var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

.ijrgas_ref_nav_list > li > a:hover,
.ijrgas_ref_nav_list > li.active > a {
  background: var(--ijrgas-green-soft);
  color: var(--ijrgas-green-hover);
}

/* Elegant Dropdown Menus with Solid Hover Safeguard */
.ijrgas_ref_nav_list li.has-submenu {
  position: relative;
}

.ijrgas_ref_nav_list li.has-submenu > a::after {
  content: '';
  display: inline-block;
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  border-right: 2px solid currentColor;
  border-bottom: 2px solid currentColor;
  transform: rotate(45deg);
  margin-top: -3px;
  margin-left: 2px;
  transition: transform var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

.ijrgas_ref_nav_list li.has-submenu:hover > a::after {
  transform: rotate(-135deg);
  margin-top: 2px;
}

.ijrgas_ref_nav_list .dropdown-menu {
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  min-width: 230px;
  background: #FFFFFF;
  border-radius: 14px;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 40px -10px rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.22);
  border: 1px solid var(--ijrgas-border-soft);
  padding: 10px;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 8px 0 0 0;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
  transform: translateY(10px);
  transition: opacity 0.25s ease, transform 0.25s ease, visibility 0.25s ease;
  z-index: 100;
}

/* Hover Bridge prevents accidental menu dismiss */
.ijrgas_ref_nav_list li.has-submenu::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 12px;
  display: block;
}

.ijrgas_ref_nav_list li.has-submenu:hover > .dropdown-menu,
.ijrgas_ref_nav_list li.has-submenu:focus-within > .dropdown-menu {
  opacity: 1 !important;
  visibility: visible !important;
  pointer-events: auto !important;
  transform: translateY(0) !important;
}

.ijrgas_ref_nav_list .dropdown-menu li {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.ijrgas_ref_nav_list .dropdown-menu li a {
  display: block;
  padding: 9px 14px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--ijrgas-charcoal);
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: all var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

.ijrgas_ref_nav_list .dropdown-menu li a:hover {
  background: var(--ijrgas-green-soft);
  color: var(--ijrgas-green-hover);
  padding-left: 18px;
}

/* Nav Right Actions */
.ijrgas_nav_right_actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.ijrgas_circle_search_btn {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--ijrgas-navy);
  color: #FFFFFF;
  border: none;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

.ijrgas_circle_search_btn:hover {
  background: var(--ijrgas-green);
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

.ijrgas_mobile_hamburger_btn {
  display: none;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--ijrgas-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--ijrgas-border-soft);
  color: var(--ijrgas-navy);
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

.ijrgas_mobile_hamburger_btn:hover {
  background: var(--ijrgas-navy);
  color: #FFFFFF;
}

/* Pop-down Search Bar */
.ijrgas_popdown_search_wrap {
  max-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: max-height 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), padding 0.35s ease;
  padding: 0 clamp(16px, 2.5vw, 36px);
}

.ijrgas_popdown_search_wrap.active {
  max-height: 100px;
  padding-top: 14px;
}

.ijrgas_popdown_search_form {
  display: flex;
  background: #FFFFFF;
  border-radius: var(--ijrgas-radius-pill);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.25);
  border: 2px solid var(--ijrgas-green);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.ijrgas_popdown_input {
  flex-grow: 1;
  border: none;
  outline: none;
  padding: 12px 22px;
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-body);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  color: var(--ijrgas-charcoal);
}

.ijrgas_popdown_submit {
  background: var(--ijrgas-navy);
  color: #FFFFFF;
  border: none;
  padding: 0 24px;
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-heading);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 14px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

.ijrgas_popdown_submit:hover {
  background: var(--ijrgas-green);
}

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .ijrgas_nav_links_desktop {
    display: none;
  }
  .ijrgas_mobile_hamburger_btn {
    display: flex;
  }
}

/* =========================================================
   7. HERO EDITORIAL CONTENT (HOMEPAGE)
   ========================================================= */
.ijrgas_hero_content_wrap {
  position: relative !important;
  z-index: 5 !important;
  width: 100% !important;
  padding: 84px clamp(24px, 4.5vw, 68px) 96px clamp(24px, 4.5vw, 68px) !important;
}

@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .ijrgas_hero_content_wrap {
    padding: 48px 24px 54px 24px !important;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .ijrgas_hero_content_wrap {
    padding: 36px 18px 42px 18px !important;
  }
}

.ijrgas_ref_hero_grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  max-width: 860px;
}

.ijrgas_ref_kicker_pill {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  background: rgba(124, 181, 24, 0.2);
  border: 1px solid rgba(124, 181, 24, 0.5);
  border-radius: var(--ijrgas-radius-pill);
  padding: 5px 16px;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-subheading);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.8px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.ijrgas_ref_kicker_dot {
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--ijrgas-green-light);
  box-shadow: 0 0 10px var(--ijrgas-green-light);
  animation: ijrgasPulse 2s infinite;
}

@keyframes ijrgasPulse {
  0% { transform: scale(0.95); box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(124, 181, 24, 0.7); }
  70% { transform: scale(1.1); box-shadow: 0 0 0 8px rgba(124, 181, 24, 0); }
  100% { transform: scale(0.95); box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(124, 181, 24, 0); }
}

.ijrgas_ref_hero_title {
  color: #FFFFFF !important;
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3.2vw, 46px) !important;
  font-weight: 800 !important;
  line-height: 1.18 !important;
  margin: 0 0 16px 0 !important;
  letter-spacing: -0.5px;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 14px rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.6);
}

.ijrgas_ref_hero_desc {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92) !important;
  font-size: clamp(14.5px, 1.2vw, 17px) !important;
  line-height: 1.65 !important;
  margin: 0 0 28px 0 !important;
  max-width: 720px;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 6px rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.4);
}

.ijrgas_ref_hero_buttons {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Primary Leaf Green Pill Button */
.ijrgas_btn_green {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--ijrgas-green) 0%, var(--ijrgas-green-hover) 100%);
  color: #FFFFFF !important;
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-heading);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 12px 26px;
  border-radius: var(--ijrgas-radius-pill);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px var(--ijrgas-green-glow);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

.ijrgas_btn_green:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(124, 181, 24, 0.6);
  color: #FFFFFF !important;
}

/* Secondary Frosted Navy Pill Button */
.ijrgas_btn_navy_soft {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  color: #FFFFFF !important;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-heading);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 12px 24px;
  border-radius: var(--ijrgas-radius-pill);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

.ijrgas_btn_navy_soft:hover {
  background: #FFFFFF;
  color: var(--ijrgas-navy) !important;
  border-color: #FFFFFF;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* =========================================================
   8. MASTER 2-COLUMN STRUCTURE: MAIN CONTENT (LEFT) + SIDEBAR (RIGHT)
   ========================================================= */
html body .pkp_structure_content,
html body .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar,
.pkp_structure_content,
.pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar {
  width: 100% !important;
  max-width: 1520px !important;
  margin: 0 auto 40px auto !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  display: flex !important;
  flex-direction: row !important;
  gap: clamp(20px, 2.5vw, 36px) !important;
  align-items: flex-start !important;
  box-sizing: border-box !important;
  float: none !important;
  clear: both !important;
  border: none !important;
  position: relative !important;
}

/* Remove all OJS legacy float & width restrictions on Main Content */
html body .pkp_structure_main,
html body .has_sidebar .pkp_structure_main,
.pkp_structure_content .pkp_structure_main,
.pkp_structure_main {
  flex: 1 1 0% !important;
  min-width: 0 !important;
  width: auto !important;
  max-width: 100% !important;
  float: none !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  border: none !important;
  box-shadow: none !important;
  display: block !important;
}

/* Sidebar Column - Clean, Fixed Width on Desktop, Sticky */
html body .pkp_structure_sidebar,
html body .has_sidebar .pkp_structure_sidebar,
.pkp_structure_content .pkp_structure_sidebar,
.pkp_structure_sidebar {
  width: 320px !important;
  min-width: 290px !important;
  max-width: 340px !important;
  flex: 0 0 320px !important;
  float: none !important;
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  display: block !important;
  position: sticky !important;
  top: 24px !important;
  box-sizing: border-box !important;
}

/* Remove unwanted pseudo-element dividers from OJS default theme */
.pkp_structure_content:before,
.pkp_structure_content:after,
.pkp_structure_content::before,
.pkp_structure_content::after,
.has_sidebar:before,
.has_sidebar:after,
.has_sidebar::before,
.has_sidebar::after,
.pkp_structure_main:before,
.pkp_structure_main:after,
.pkp_structure_main::before,
.pkp_structure_main::after,
.pkp_structure_sidebar:before,
.pkp_structure_sidebar:after,
.pkp_structure_sidebar::before,
.pkp_structure_sidebar::after {
  content: none !important;
  display: none !important;
  border: none !important;
  width: 0 !important;
  height: 0 !important;
}

/* Responsive Stacking across All Devices */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
  html body .pkp_structure_content,
  html body .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar,
  .pkp_structure_content,
  .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar {
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 24px !important;
  }

  html body .pkp_structure_main,
  html body .has_sidebar .pkp_structure_main,
  .pkp_structure_main {
    width: 100% !important;
    flex: 1 1 auto !important;
  }

  html body .pkp_structure_sidebar,
  html body .has_sidebar .pkp_structure_sidebar,
  .pkp_structure_sidebar {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
    flex: 1 1 auto !important;
  }
}

/* Modern Card Containers */
.ijrgas_ref_card {
  background: var(--ijrgas-bg-pure);
  border: 1px solid var(--ijrgas-border-soft);
  border-radius: var(--ijrgas-radius-card);
  padding: clamp(20px, 2.5vw, 32px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px -4px rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.06);
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  transition: box-shadow var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

.ijrgas_ref_card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 8px 30px -4px rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.1);
}

.ijrgas_ref_card_title {
  font-size: clamp(20px, 1.8vw, 24px);
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--ijrgas-navy);
  margin: 0 0 20px 0;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ijrgas-border-soft);
  position: relative;
}

.ijrgas_ref_card_title::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -2px;
  left: 0;
  width: 60px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--ijrgas-green);
  border-radius: 2px;
}

/* Dashboard User-Generated Content Styling & Responsiveness */
.journal_description,
.additional_content,
.homepage_additional_content {
  color: var(--ijrgas-charcoal) !important;
  font-size: 15px !important;
  line-height: 1.7 !important;
  word-break: break-word !important;
  overflow-wrap: break-word !important;
}

/* CRITICAL: Overriding OJS default .additional_content { clear: both; } so it stays aligned in main column */
.additional_content,
.homepage_additional_content {
  clear: none !important;
  float: none !important;
  margin-left: 0 !important;
  margin-right: 0 !important;
  width: 100% !important;
  max-width: 100% !important;
  box-sizing: border-box !important;
}

.journal_description p,
.additional_content p,
.homepage_additional_content p {
  margin-top: 0 !important;
  margin-bottom: 16px !important;
}

.journal_description p:last-child,
.additional_content p:last-child,
.homepage_additional_content p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}

.journal_description img,
.additional_content img,
.page_index_journal img,
.pkp_structure_main img {
  max-width: 100% !important;
  height: auto !important;
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.journal_description table,
.additional_content table,
.page_index_journal table,
.pkp_structure_main table {
  width: 100% !important;
  max-width: 100% !important;
  display: block !important;
  overflow-x: auto !important;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch !important;
  border-collapse: collapse !important;
  margin: 16px 0 !important;
}

.journal_description iframe,
.additional_content iframe {
  max-width: 100% !important;
}

/* =========================================================
   9. SIDEBAR & JOURNAL COVER DISPLAY
   ========================================================= */
.ijrgas_sidebar_wrapper {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 24px;
}

.ijrgas_sidebar_card {
  background: var(--ijrgas-bg-pure);
  border: 1px solid var(--ijrgas-border-soft);
  border-radius: var(--ijrgas-radius-card);
  padding: 22px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 18px -4px rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.06);
}

.ijrgas_sidebar_card .title {
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-heading);
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--ijrgas-navy);
  margin: 0 0 16px 0;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ijrgas-border-soft);
  position: relative;
}

.ijrgas_sidebar_card .title::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -2px;
  left: 0;
  width: 44px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--ijrgas-green);
}

/* High-Quality Sidebar Cover Container */
.ijrgas_sidebar_cover_box {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
}

.ijrgas_sidebar_cover_link {
  display: block;
  width: 200px !important;
  min-width: 190px !important;
  max-width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 3/4;
  border-radius: 12px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 28px -6px rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.22);
  transition: transform var(--ijrgas-trans-fast), box-shadow var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  background: #FFFFFF;
}

.ijrgas_sidebar_cover_link:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px) scale(1.02);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 36px -6px rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.3);
}

.ijrgas_sidebar_cover_img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

/* Fallback Mockup Card if no dashboard image */
.ijrgas_sidebar_cover_mockup {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  width: 200px;
  min-width: 190px;
  aspect-ratio: 3/4;
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #FFFFFF 0%, #F1F5F9 100%);
  border: 1px solid var(--ijrgas-border-soft);
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 16px 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 28px -6px rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.2);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  text-align: center;
}

.ijrgas_cover_logo_img {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  object-fit: contain;
  margin: 0 auto 8px auto;
}

.ijrgas_cover_mockup_title {
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-heading);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--ijrgas-navy);
  line-height: 1.25;
  margin: 0 0 4px 0;
}

.ijrgas_cover_mockup_sub {
  font-size: 9.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--ijrgas-green-hover);
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.ijrgas_sidebar_issue_badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: var(--ijrgas-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--ijrgas-border-soft);
  border-radius: var(--ijrgas-radius-pill);
  padding: 5px 12px;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ijrgas-charcoal-muted);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.ijrgas_sidebar_cover_btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 6px;
  width: 100%;
  background: var(--ijrgas-navy);
  color: #FFFFFF !important;
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-heading);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 10px 16px;
  border-radius: var(--ijrgas-radius-btn);
  transition: all var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

.ijrgas_sidebar_cover_btn:hover {
  background: var(--ijrgas-green);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

/* =========================================================
   10. CALL FOR PAPERS BANNER
   ========================================================= */
.ijrgas_ref_cfp_card {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--ijrgas-navy-dark) 0%, var(--ijrgas-navy) 100%);
  border-radius: var(--ijrgas-radius-card);
  padding: clamp(24px, 3vw, 36px);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 40px -10px rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.35);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-top: 36px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.ijrgas_ref_cfp_card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: -50px;
  right: -50px;
  width: 250px;
  height: 250px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(124, 181, 24, 0.25) 0%, transparent 70%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.ijrgas_ref_cfp_kicker {
  color: var(--ijrgas-green-light) !important;
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-subheading);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.ijrgas_ref_cfp_title {
  color: #FFFFFF !important;
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-heading);
  font-size: clamp(20px, 2vw, 24px);
  font-weight: 800;
  margin: 0 0 10px 0;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.ijrgas_ref_cfp_text {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9) !important;
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 680px;
}

/* =========================================================
   11. CLEAN DASHBOARD-DRIVEN ACADEMIC FOOTER
   ========================================================= */
.pkp_structure_footer_wrapper,
.ijrgas_master_footer {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #072236 0%, #051A29 100%) !important;
  border-top: 4px solid var(--ijrgas-green) !important;
  color: #FFFFFF !important;
  margin-top: 56px !important;
  padding: 48px clamp(16px, 3vw, 40px) 36px clamp(16px, 3vw, 40px) !important;
  box-sizing: border-box !important;
  width: 100% !important;
  clear: both !important;
  position: relative !important;
}

.pkp_structure_footer,
.ijrgas_footer_container {
  max-width: 1320px !important;
  margin: 0 auto !important;
  display: flex !important;
  flex-direction: column !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  justify-content: center !important;
  text-align: center !important;
  gap: 22px !important;
  box-sizing: border-box !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
}

/* User Content Entered Through OJS Dashboard (Settings -> Website -> Appearance -> Page Footer) */
.pkp_footer_content,
.ijrgas_footer_dashboard_content {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9) !important;
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-body) !important;
  font-size: 14.5px !important;
  line-height: 1.8 !important;
  max-width: 920px !important;
  margin: 0 auto !important;
  text-align: center !important;
  word-break: break-word !important;
  overflow-wrap: break-word !important;
}

.pkp_footer_content p,
.ijrgas_footer_dashboard_content p {
  margin: 0 0 10px 0 !important;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9) !important;
  font-size: 14.5px !important;
  line-height: 1.8 !important;
  text-align: center !important;
}

.pkp_footer_content p:last-child,
.ijrgas_footer_dashboard_content p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}

.pkp_footer_content a,
.ijrgas_footer_dashboard_content a {
  color: var(--ijrgas-green-light) !important;
  text-decoration: underline !important;
  font-weight: 600 !important;
  transition: color var(--ijrgas-trans-fast) !important;
}

.pkp_footer_content a:hover,
.ijrgas_footer_dashboard_content a:hover {
  color: #FFFFFF !important;
  text-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(124, 181, 24, 0.6) !important;
}

.pkp_footer_content strong,
.ijrgas_footer_dashboard_content strong {
  color: #FFFFFF !important;
  font-weight: 700 !important;
}

.pkp_footer_content table,
.ijrgas_footer_dashboard_content table {
  margin: 16px auto !important;
  border-collapse: collapse !important;
  color: #FFFFFF !important;
}

/* PKP Platform Brand Footer */
.pkp_brand_footer {
  width: 100% !important;
  max-width: 920px !important;
  padding-top: 22px !important;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12) !important;
  margin-top: 6px !important;
  display: flex !important;
  justify-content: center !important;
  align-items: center !important;
  text-align: center !important;
}

.pkp_brand_footer a {
  display: inline-block !important;
}

.pkp_brand_footer a img {
  height: 32px !important;
  width: auto !important;
  opacity: 0.8 !important;
  filter: brightness(0) invert(1) !important;
  transition: opacity var(--ijrgas-trans-fast) !important;
}

.pkp_brand_footer a:hover img {
  opacity: 1 !important;
}

/* =========================================================
   12. OJS TOC & ARTICLE LIST STYLING
   ========================================================= */
.current_issue .current_issue_title {
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-heading);
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--ijrgas-navy);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.obj_article_summary {
  padding: 16px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ijrgas-border-soft);
}

.obj_article_summary:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.obj_article_summary .title {
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-heading);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--ijrgas-charcoal);
  margin: 0 0 6px 0;
}

.obj_article_summary .title a {
  color: var(--ijrgas-charcoal);
}

.obj_article_summary .title a:hover {
  color: var(--ijrgas-green-hover);
}

.obj_article_summary .authors {
  font-size: 13.5px;
  color: var(--ijrgas-charcoal-muted);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.obj_galley_link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: var(--ijrgas-navy);
  color: #FFFFFF !important;
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 5px 14px;
  border-radius: var(--ijrgas-radius-pill);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all var(--ijrgas-trans-fast);
}

.obj_galley_link:hover {
  background: var(--ijrgas-green);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.read_more {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  font-family: var(--ijrgas-font-heading);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--ijrgas-navy);
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.read_more:hover {
  color: var(--ijrgas-green-hover);
}

/* =========================================================
   13. COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSIVE SUITE — ALL SCREEN SIZES
   =========================================================
   Breakpoints:
   - ≥1400px  : Large Desktop / Widescreen
   - 1200px   : Standard Desktop
   - 1080px   : Laptop / Compact Desktop (nav collapses)
   - 992px    : Tablet Landscape / Small Laptop
   - 768px    : Tablet Portrait / Large Mobile
   - 600px    : Mobile Landscape
   - 480px    : Small Mobile Portrait
   - 360px    : Smallest Devices
   ========================================================= */

/* -----------------------------------------------------------
   LARGE DESKTOP (≥1400px) — Ensure maximum content width
   ----------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (min-width: 1400px) {
  .pkp_structure_page {
    max-width: 1600px;
    padding: 0 24px 48px 24px;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_hero_title {
    font-size: 52px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_hero_content_wrap {
    padding: 100px 72px 112px 72px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_hero_section {
    min-height: 620px !important;
  }
}

/* -----------------------------------------------------------
   STANDARD DESKTOP (1201px – 1399px)
   ----------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (min-width: 1201px) and (max-width: 1399px) {
  .pkp_structure_page {
    padding: 0 20px 44px 20px;
  }

  .ijrgas_hero_section {
    min-height: 580px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_hero_content_wrap {
    padding: 88px clamp(40px, 5vw, 68px) 100px clamp(40px, 5vw, 68px) !important;
  }
}

/* -----------------------------------------------------------
   LAPTOP / COMPACT DESKTOP (1081px – 1200px)
   Nav still shows; slightly tighter spacing
   ----------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (min-width: 1081px) and (max-width: 1200px) {
  .ijrgas_ref_nav_list > li > a {
    font-size: 13px;
    padding: 7px 10px;
  }

  .ijrgas_nav_title_primary {
    font-size: 14px;
  }

  .ijrgas_hero_section {
    min-height: 560px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_hero_content_wrap {
    padding: 80px clamp(28px, 4vw, 60px) 90px clamp(28px, 4vw, 60px) !important;
  }

  .pkp_structure_sidebar {
    width: 300px !important;
    flex: 0 0 300px !important;
  }
}

/* -----------------------------------------------------------
   TABLET LANDSCAPE / HAMBURGER BREAKPOINT (≤1080px)
   Desktop nav collapses → hamburger appears
   ----------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .ijrgas_nav_links_desktop {
    display: none !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_mobile_hamburger_btn {
    display: flex !important;
  }

  /* Slightly smaller floating pill */
  .ijrgas_floating_nav_pill {
    padding: 7px 14px 7px 18px;
  }

  .ijrgas_nav_logo_img {
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
  }

  .ijrgas_nav_title_primary {
    font-size: 15px;
  }
}

/* -----------------------------------------------------------
   TABLET LANDSCAPE (993px – 1080px)
   ----------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1080px) {
  .ijrgas_hero_section {
    min-height: 520px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_hero_content_wrap {
    padding: 70px 32px 80px 32px !important;
  }

  html body .pkp_structure_content,
  .pkp_structure_content {
    gap: 28px !important;
  }

  .pkp_structure_sidebar {
    width: 280px !important;
    flex: 0 0 280px !important;
    min-width: 260px !important;
  }
}

/* -----------------------------------------------------------
   TABLET PORTRAIT / SMALL LAPTOP (≤992px)
   Layout stacks: sidebar moves below main content
   ----------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
  /* Page container */
  .pkp_structure_page {
    padding: 0 14px 32px 14px;
  }

  /* Master header */
  .ijrgas_master_header {
    border-radius: 16px !important;
  }

  /* Topbar */
  .ijrgas_ref_topbar_container {
    padding: 8px 18px !important;
    gap: 12px;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_contact_items {
    gap: 12px;
    font-size: 12.5px;
  }

  .ijrgas_topbar_issn_chip {
    display: none; /* Hide ISSN chip on tablet to save space */
  }

  /* Floating nav */
  .ijrgas_floating_nav_wrapper {
    padding: 12px 14px 10px 14px !important;
  }

  /* Hero */
  .ijrgas_hero_section {
    min-height: 440px !important;
    border-radius: 16px !important;
    margin-top: 14px !important;
    margin-bottom: 24px !important;
    background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(7, 34, 54, 0.95) 0%, rgba(11, 60, 93, 0.88) 60%, rgba(11, 60, 93, 0.6) 100%),
      url('../../../../../templates/images/ijrgas-hero.png') !important;
    background-position: center center !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_hero_content_wrap {
    padding: 48px 24px 54px 24px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_hero_title {
    font-size: clamp(26px, 4vw, 38px) !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_hero_desc {
    max-width: 100% !important;
    font-size: 14.5px !important;
  }

  /* Layout stacking */
  html body .pkp_structure_content,
  html body .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar,
  .pkp_structure_content,
  .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar {
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 24px !important;
  }

  html body .pkp_structure_main,
  html body .has_sidebar .pkp_structure_main,
  .pkp_structure_main {
    width: 100% !important;
    flex: 1 1 auto !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
  }

  html body .pkp_structure_sidebar,
  html body .has_sidebar .pkp_structure_sidebar,
  .pkp_structure_sidebar {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
    flex: 1 1 auto !important;
    position: static !important;
    top: auto !important;
  }

  /* Sidebar cover on tablet: show horizontally */
  .ijrgas_sidebar_cover_box {
    flex-direction: row !important;
    align-items: flex-start !important;
    text-align: left !important;
    gap: 20px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_sidebar_cover_link {
    width: 140px !important;
    min-width: 120px !important;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }

  /* Cards */
  .ijrgas_ref_card {
    padding: clamp(18px, 3vw, 28px) !important;
    margin-bottom: 22px !important;
  }

  /* CFP Banner */
  .ijrgas_ref_cfp_card {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 18px;
    padding: 28px 24px !important;
  }

  /* Footer */
  .pkp_structure_footer_wrapper,
  .ijrgas_master_footer {
    padding: 40px 20px 30px 20px !important;
    margin-top: 40px !important;
  }
}

/* -----------------------------------------------------------
   TABLET PORTRAIT (769px – 992px)
   ----------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {
  .ijrgas_hero_section {
    min-height: 460px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_hero_content_wrap {
    padding: 54px 32px 60px 32px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_hero_title {
    font-size: clamp(28px, 4.5vw, 40px) !important;
  }

  /* 2-column sidebar layout on this range (sidebar not too narrow) */
  html body .pkp_structure_content,
  .pkp_structure_content {
    flex-direction: column !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_sidebar_cover_box {
    flex-direction: row !important;
    gap: 24px !important;
    align-items: flex-start !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_sidebar_cover_link {
    width: 160px !important;
    min-width: 140px !important;
  }
}

/* -----------------------------------------------------------
   MOBILE LANDSCAPE + TABLET PORTRAIT (≤768px)
   ----------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  /* Page */
  .pkp_structure_page {
    padding: 0 10px 24px 10px !important;
  }

  /* Header */
  .ijrgas_master_header {
    border-radius: 14px !important;
  }

  /* Topbar: stack vertically */
  .ijrgas_ref_topbar_container {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 8px 14px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_contact_items {
    gap: 8px;
    font-size: 12px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_top_auth {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    gap: 6px;
  }

  .ijrgas_pill_btn {
    font-size: 11.5px;
    padding: 4px 10px;
  }

  /* Floating nav */
  .ijrgas_floating_nav_wrapper {
    padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_floating_nav_pill {
    padding: 6px 10px 6px 14px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_nav_logo_img {
    width: 34px;
    height: 34px;
  }

  .ijrgas_nav_journal_title {
    max-width: 200px;
  }

  .ijrgas_nav_title_kicker {
    font-size: 9.5px;
  }

  .ijrgas_nav_title_primary {
    font-size: 13px;
    white-space: nowrap;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
  }

  .ijrgas_circle_search_btn {
    width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
  }

  .ijrgas_mobile_hamburger_btn {
    width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
  }

  /* Hero */
  .ijrgas_hero_section {
    min-height: 380px !important;
    border-radius: 14px !important;
    margin-top: 12px !important;
    margin-bottom: 20px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_hero_content_wrap {
    padding: 32px 16px 38px 16px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_kicker_pill {
    font-size: 10px;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    margin-bottom: 10px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_hero_title {
    font-size: 24px !important;
    line-height: 1.22 !important;
    margin-bottom: 10px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_hero_desc {
    font-size: 13.5px !important;
    line-height: 1.6 !important;
    margin-bottom: 18px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_hero_buttons {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    width: 100%;
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .ijrgas_btn_green,
  .ijrgas_btn_navy_soft {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 11px 18px !important;
    font-size: 14px !important;
  }

  /* Cards */
  .ijrgas_ref_card {
    padding: 18px 14px !important;
    border-radius: 12px !important;
    margin-bottom: 18px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_card_title {
    font-size: 18px !important;
    margin-bottom: 14px !important;
  }

  /* Sidebar: full horizontal cover layout on mobile */
  .ijrgas_sidebar_wrapper {
    gap: 16px;
  }

  .ijrgas_sidebar_card {
    padding: 16px 14px !important;
    border-radius: 12px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_sidebar_cover_box {
    flex-direction: row !important;
    align-items: flex-start !important;
    text-align: left !important;
    gap: 16px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_sidebar_cover_link {
    width: 100px !important;
    min-width: 90px !important;
    max-width: 110px !important;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    margin-bottom: 0 !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_sidebar_issue_meta,
  .ijrgas_sidebar_issue_badge {
    margin-bottom: 8px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_sidebar_cover_btn {
    font-size: 12.5px;
    padding: 8px 12px;
  }

  /* Article summary */
  .obj_article_summary {
    padding: 12px 0;
  }

  .obj_article_summary .title {
    font-size: 14.5px;
  }

  .obj_galley_link {
    font-size: 11.5px;
    padding: 4px 10px;
  }

  /* CFP banner */
  .ijrgas_ref_cfp_card {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    padding: 20px 16px !important;
    border-radius: 14px !important;
    gap: 14px;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_cfp_card a.ijrgas_btn_green {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  /* Footer */
  .pkp_structure_footer_wrapper,
  .ijrgas_master_footer {
    padding: 36px 14px 26px 14px !important;
    margin-top: 32px !important;
  }

  .pkp_footer_content,
  .ijrgas_footer_dashboard_content {
    font-size: 13.5px !important;
    line-height: 1.7 !important;
    text-align: center !important;
  }

  .pkp_brand_footer {
    padding-top: 18px !important;
  }

  .pkp_brand_footer a img {
    height: 26px !important;
  }

  /* Pop-down search */
  .ijrgas_popdown_input {
    font-size: 13.5px;
    padding: 10px 16px;
  }

  /* OJS inner page content area padding */
  .pkp_structure_content {
    margin-top: 16px !important;
    margin-bottom: 28px !important;
  }
}

/* -----------------------------------------------------------
   MOBILE LANDSCAPE (601px – 768px)
   ----------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (min-width: 601px) and (max-width: 768px) {
  .ijrgas_hero_section {
    min-height: 400px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_hero_content_wrap {
    padding: 40px 20px 46px 20px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_hero_title {
    font-size: 26px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_sidebar_cover_link {
    width: 120px !important;
  }
}

/* -----------------------------------------------------------
   SMALL MOBILE PORTRAIT (≤600px)
   ----------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .pkp_structure_page {
    padding: 0 8px 20px 8px !important;
  }

  /* Topbar: hide email contacts — too cramped */
  .ijrgas_ref_contact_items .ijrgas_ref_contact_link:not(:first-child) {
    display: none;
  }

  /* Floating nav pill */
  .ijrgas_floating_nav_pill {
    gap: 6px;
  }

  .ijrgas_nav_journal_title {
    max-width: 170px;
  }

  .ijrgas_nav_title_primary {
    font-size: 12.5px;
  }

  /* Hero */
  .ijrgas_hero_section {
    min-height: 360px !important;
    border-radius: 12px !important;
    margin-top: 10px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_hero_content_wrap {
    padding: 28px 14px 34px 14px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_hero_title {
    font-size: 22px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_hero_desc {
    font-size: 13px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_btn_green,
  .ijrgas_btn_navy_soft {
    font-size: 13.5px !important;
    padding: 10px 16px !important;
  }

  /* Cards */
  .ijrgas_ref_card {
    padding: 16px 12px !important;
    border-radius: 10px !important;
    margin-bottom: 16px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_card_title {
    font-size: 16.5px !important;
    margin-bottom: 12px !important;
  }

  /* Sidebar stacks cover fully below everything */
  .ijrgas_sidebar_cover_box {
    flex-direction: column !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    text-align: center !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_sidebar_cover_link {
    width: 180px !important;
    max-width: 200px !important;
    margin-bottom: 14px !important;
  }

  /* Article list */
  .obj_article_summary .title {
    font-size: 13.5px;
  }

  .obj_galley_link {
    font-size: 11px;
  }

  /* Footer */
  .pkp_structure_footer_wrapper,
  .ijrgas_master_footer {
    padding: 30px 12px 22px 12px !important;
    margin-top: 24px !important;
  }

  .pkp_footer_content,
  .ijrgas_footer_dashboard_content {
    font-size: 13px !important;
  }
}

/* -----------------------------------------------------------
   SMALLEST DEVICES (≤480px)
   ----------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .pkp_structure_page {
    padding: 0 6px 18px 6px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_nav_journal_title {
    max-width: 150px;
  }

  .ijrgas_nav_title_primary {
    font-size: 12px;
  }

  .ijrgas_nav_logo_img {
    width: 30px;
    height: 30px;
  }

  .ijrgas_hero_section {
    min-height: 340px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_hero_title {
    font-size: 20px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_hero_desc {
    display: none !important; /* Hide on very small screens to reduce clutter */
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_cfp_text {
    display: none !important;
  }

  /* Sidebar */
  .ijrgas_sidebar_cover_link {
    width: 160px !important;
  }

  /* Table overflow */
  .pkp_structure_main table,
  .journal_description table,
  .additional_content table,
  .homepage_additional_content table {
    font-size: 12px !important;
  }

  /* Pop-down search */
  .ijrgas_popdown_search_form {
    border-radius: 12px;
  }

  .ijrgas_popdown_input {
    font-size: 13px;
    padding: 9px 12px;
  }

  .ijrgas_popdown_submit {
    padding: 0 16px;
    font-size: 13px;
  }

  /* Drawer */
  .ijrgas_mobile_drawer {
    width: 90vw !important;
    max-width: 300px !important;
    padding: 20px 16px;
  }

  .ijrgas_drawer_title {
    font-size: 16px;
  }
}

/* -----------------------------------------------------------
   EXTRA-SMALL DEVICES (≤360px)
   ----------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 360px) {
  .ijrgas_nav_title_kicker {
    display: none;
  }

  .ijrgas_nav_title_primary {
    font-size: 11.5px;
    max-width: 130px;
  }

  .ijrgas_hero_section {
    min-height: 300px !important;
    border-radius: 10px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_hero_content_wrap {
    padding: 22px 10px 28px 10px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_hero_title {
    font-size: 18.5px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_kicker_pill {
    display: none;
  }

  .ijrgas_btn_green,
  .ijrgas_btn_navy_soft {
    font-size: 13px !important;
    padding: 9px 14px !important;
  }

  .ijrgas_ref_card {
    padding: 14px 10px !important;
  }

  .pkp_structure_footer_wrapper,
  .ijrgas_master_footer {
    padding: 24px 10px 18px 10px !important;
  }
}